Showing posts with label homeschool middle school. Show all posts
Showing posts with label homeschool middle school. Show all posts

Tuesday, October 31, 2023

The Sieve of Eratosthenes as an Aid to the Memorization of Prime Numbers

Just as memorizing sight words can help a kid read better and more confidently, there are tons of math facts that, if memorized, will make a kid's calculation work quicker and more confident. 

Our culture is well used to having kids memorize the multiplication tables through at least 10 (through 12 is better!), and certain formulas like the quadratic formula or the Pythagorean theorem, but it's so helpful to just know, when you're busy doing your algebra, say, if a number is a perfect square or a Pythagorean triple, etc. It builds confidence when a student is learning advanced math concepts, and it increases their speed and fluency, which they will VERY much appreciate whether they're working through a page-long proof or an SAT problem set!

When my kids were pretty little, we dedicated the first ten minutes of the first car trip of the day to memory work, and they memorized a lot of advanced concepts by rote then (most famously, the first 25 digits of Pi, a party trick that they still both often pull out over a decade later, lol!), but it's a better aid to learning and to memorization to have them, whenever possible, create for themselves the anchor chart that contains the information I want them to memorize.

So when I realized recently that my teenager has lost most of the prime numbers to 100, I pulled back out the same activity that she used to create her Prime number chart back when the kids memorized the primes to 100 the first time around back in 2016.

It's the Sieve of Eratosthenes!

Creating the Sieve of Eratosthenes is simple. All you need are a hundred chart and some colored pencils or crayons. This hundred chart has the numbers by rows, and this hundred chart has the numbers by columns. This hundred chart is blank, for some sneaky real-world handwriting practice writing the numbers to 100. 

To create the sieve, you simply start with the first Prime number, 2. Don't color it, but color all of its multiples. Bonus points if you unlock the pattern and color it that way! The next uncolored number is your next Prime number, 3, so leave it blank but color all its multiples. It makes a pretty pattern, too!

Carry on through 7, and by the time you've colored the last multiple of 7, you'll have colored every composite number through 100, and every uncolored number is a Prime. Your grid will look like this:

photo credit: Wikipedia

I think the patterns that it makes are beautiful and fascinating!

While you're working, it's best if you have a Ginger Gentleman supervise you:

While you're working, you also might notice that you have a sudden, inexplicable swarm of Asian lady beetles inside your home. Would the Ginger Gentleman like to meet one?

He very much would!

Please note: no Asian lady beetles were harmed in *that* particular encounter. When Matt got home and found the swarm and went for the vacuum cleaner, though, well...

The Sieve of Eratosthenes is a quick, enjoyable, non-rigorous enrichment activity for an older kid, best used for a review of Prime numbers or to construct a memory aid/anchor chart. However, you can actually also do this activity with quite young kids, since multiplication is the only skill required. It's fun and hands-on, the patterns are pleasing, and it gives kids a really interesting math concept to explore.

Here are some good books to use with younger kids in partnership with this activity:

To extend the fun, younger kids can play Prime Number Slapjack or color in a Prime path maze. If kids are a bit older and are ready to properly learn about Primes, composites, factor trees, and the factorization of Primes, this lesson and this lesson are excellent jumping-off points. 

We have a lot of wall space in our home, and my kids have always enjoyed making large-format posters, maps, and charts to put on our walls. A large-format hundred chart mounted on a wall lets kids have a different experience coloring it in mural-style, and would also allow room for kids to write each composite number's factors into those squares. Alternately, extend the hundred chart to 1,000 and keep sieving, although I wouldn't blame you for eventually pulling out the calculator!

Here are some books that older kids and adults would enjoy; completing a reading assignment (and perhaps even a response essay!) builds context and adds rigor to an otherwise simple activity, and is a good way to facilitate different ages/abilities working on the same project:

Here are some other math facts that a student could aid fluency by memorizing:

  • fraction/decimal conversions
  • PEMDAS
  • Quadratic formula
  • squares
  • square roots (perfect square factors and simplified square roots to 100)
  • Pi to several digits
  • Pythagorean theorem
  • Pythagorean triples
  • triangle identities
  • SOH CAH TOA

P.S. Want to follow along with my craft projects, books I'm reading, dog-walking mishaps, encounters with Chainsaw Helicopters, and other various adventures on the daily? Find me on my Craft Knife Facebook page!

Monday, February 1, 2021

Every National Park Junior Ranger Badge You Can Earn from Home (Updated July 2023)

This is an update of my original Junior Ranger badges post, first written WAY back in 2018!

July 2023: I just updated my list of Junior Ranger badges kids can earn at home. I crossed out Junior Ranger badges that are no longer available to earn from home, but I added a few new ones, too!

February 2021: I just updated my map of Junior Ranger badges kids can earn at national park sites AND my list of Junior Ranger badges kids can earn from home. Earning Junior Ranger badges is still one of Will's favorite activities!

It's been four years since the kids first discovered the Junior Ranger program at Badlands National Park, and thus began their obsession. I'm never one to let an educational experience go, so since that first thrilling day, I have deliberately organized ALL of our US vacations to include as many Junior Ranger programs as possible, and I've included all of the Junior Ranger programs that it's possible to earn by mail into our homeschool plans.

"How did you figure out where all of the Junior Ranger programs are?" you ask.

Friends, I made a giant freaking map:



Yes, that is EVERY SINGLE NATIONAL PARK SITE WITH A JUNIOR RANGER PROGRAM. I put them all in by hand. I went to every single national park's website, searched for its Junior Ranger program, and if it had one I put it on my map.

When I plan road trips, I check my map for all the national park sites with Junior Ranger programs that we could detour to, and then we detour to them. During our upcoming road trip, for instance, we're visiting Saint Croix Island and Acadia National Park, primarily for their Junior Ranger programs.

But the kids' enthusiasm for earning Junior Ranger badges is unceasing, and yet we cannot spend our entire year traveling to various national parks. If only!

So I went back through every one of those websites, and I noted every park that permits children to earn their Junior Ranger badge by mail. Most of these parks provide the badge book as a downloadable pdf for kids to complete using internet or book research (often the park's own website, but we've also found useful park videos on YouTube). They mail their completed badge books to the park, and in return, the park rangers mail them back their badges and certificates.

It's always, eternally thrilling.

The kids have been doing this for years now, and still have tons of Junior Ranger badges left to earn by mail. They've learned geography, history, and several sciences in the process, experienced the breadth and depth of the national experience in ways they haven't had the opportunity to do in person, and have an intense appreciation for the variety of cultural, historical, and geographic artifacts and monuments that must be explored, preserved, and protected.

Not every national park, or even most national parks, allow their Junior Ranger badges to be earned by mail, mind you. You'll know if one does, because it will say so on its website or on the book, and it will have the book available as a downloadable pdf and include a mailing address for the completed book to be sent to. Many parks will state, kind of pissily in my opinion, that they do NOT allow badges to be earned by mail, and that's their right, but I think everyone loses when they do that--why stifle a kid's desire to learn? Why refuse an opportunity to grow someone's knowledge and love of your national park?

Before you get your kid all revved up on earning these badges by mail, you should know that since you've got to mail the completed badge books to each park, you'll be paying a few bucks for postage and manila envelopes each time. If you're conserving resources, check out the online badges that I've noted in my list--those let kids either do or submit their work online, so you don't have to pay for either supplies or postage.

Fortunately, MANY national parks are happy to have more kids interested in them and working to learn more about them! Here are all the national park Junior Ranger badges that you can earn by mail:

NOTE: I do NOT include Junior Ranger badges in which the badge book is offered as a pdf from the national park site, but kids cannot mail them in or submit them online to earn the badge without a visit to the site. Lots of national park sites offer their badge books as pdfs so that kids can get a head start on the book (which is a great idea!), and some sites even allow kids to mail in their badge books later if they didn't have time to complete them at the park, but this is is solely for badges that kids can earn entirely from home.

I'm also not including any of the newer "virtual Junior Ranger programs," which let kids complete some web activities and then print an image of the Junior Ranger badge. Those can be fun, but this list is solely for physical badges that kid can earn from home.

This is one of my absolute favorite activities that we do in our homeschool, but it's partly so wonderful because it's so adaptable. Sure, it can be your entire geography curriculum, or just an enrichment to another spine. You can include it in your history studies, or in the natural or earth sciences. Even if you don't homeschool, these Junior Ranger books are so fun that kids can simply DO them for fun. My kids do, and they think it's a nifty trick that I also let them count them for school!

If your kids love earning Junior Ranger badges, then they'd likely be interested in learning about the national park system as a whole--there's so much to explore there, from history and culture to geology and the sciences. Here are some of our favorite resources for learning about and exploring the national park system:


P.S. Want more obsessively-compiled lists of resources and activities for kiddos and the people who want to keep them happy and engaged? Check out my Craft Knife Facebook page!

Wednesday, November 11, 2020

I Turn Quizlet Flash Cards into Physical Flash Cards because I Am Stubborn and Ridiculous

 


And because the kid already has quite enough screen time without also studying her French vocabulary on one.

I am SUPER old-school to be so weirded out by this, I've learned. Syd doesn't even have a single physical, paper textbook in any of her public high school classes--actually, she only has a textbook at all in two of her classes! The other three classes just have... teacher-created lessons. And YouTube video links. Worksheets of unknown provenance. 

Don't tell her textbook-less algebra teacher, but I checked out a high school algebra textbook (and teacher's manual!) from our local university's library, and I've been referring to it quite a lot as I help Syd with her work.

I also print out most of her biology and French readings from the digital textbooks, which I know is the most appalling misuse of my personal resources, but you know what? The print-outs don't crap out in the middle of a timed open-book test, or refuse to load when an exhausted kid is coming up on a deadline, or lag when three other members of the household are in simultaneous but separate online meetings.

Flash cards, of course, don't have nearly that level of urgency, but I like having them physical. I like having them portable, so I can torment the children with them in the car, and I like having them readily available, so I can pester the kids with a couple whenever they randomly walk by.

So here's what I do to make my kids' lives more annoying. I take a Quizlet (you can often find Quizlets already made for whatever you're studying, even for specific chapters of specific textbooks)--


--tell it that I want to print it--


--and then set it up as 3"x5" index cards that print 16 to a page:


I use a guillotine paper cutter to cut the flash cards into rows, then cut each row in half, leaving each French/English word pair connected. To finish each flash card I fold it in half and glue it with a glue stick. It becomes the perfect, pocket-sized, double-sided flash card!

So yes, super old-school and resource heavy, but to be fair, I've been happily using flash cards with the kids since they were preschoolers. Here are just some of the things that we've done with them from preschool on up:
  • Laminate them and trace words with dry-erase markers.
  • Print two copies and match them or play Memory with them.
  • Print them tiny, add a pin, and use them with pin flag maps
  • Print them full-page and let the kids color the line art. 
  • Print them full-page and use them as display posters.
  • Leave them in the car and declare the first ten minutes of the first car ride of every day "memory" time--we did this for several years!
Here are some of my favorite flash cards that we've used:
  • addition, subtraction, and multiplication drill. I absolutely used these with the kid when they were memorizing their math facts. Yep, they LOATHED them, but you know what? Review only took a couple of minutes every school day, and it 100% helped seal the facts into their little-kid brains.
  • Chinese vocabulary flash cards. For a couple of years, the kids took a Saturday morning Chinese language class. The next week, I'd find flash cards for the vocabulary that they were studying so that we could review for just a couple of minutes daily.
  • European countries and capitals. We used these a couple of years ago when Will was studying AP European History and Syd was studying European Geography. Now that Will is studying AP Human Geography, I'll probably bring them back out!
  • French alphabet flash cards. These are pretty enough to print full-page and display on a wall--which is what we do!
  • sharks of the world. We used these a few years ago when we did a summer shark study, and since then I've brought them out a couple of times for Girl Scout badgework.
  • Story of the World timeline cards. Unfortunately, the original source for these no longer exists, but you can still find bootleg copies (ahem). We used the SNOT out of these when the kids were elementary years! We glued them to our big basement timeline, as well as laminating a set to use as memory drill. Once upon a time I even found a bootleg set of all the comprehension questions from the Story of the World books set up as flash cards, and we used the snot out of those, too!
  • zoo fact cards. I made these during the couple of years when Will's obsession led us to nearly every zoo in the land. It would be extra useful to make a set for a zoo or aquarium that you went to often. 
  • insect flash cards. We used these steadily for several summers in a row when the kids were younger, and I still pull them out at some point most summers, because we always end up swinging around to entomology.
  • sight word caterpillar. Syd has fond memories of the caterpillar that took over our walls and taught her the dolch sight words!